Universal diplexer



y 23, 1958 R. J. ROCKWELL 3,385,974

UNIVERSAL DIPLEXER Filed Aug. 16-, 1965 2 Sheet-Sheet 1 24 27 u AMOUTPUT I? LOAD 28 22 AID 26 INVENTOR.

RONALD J. ROCKWELL BY M 12 W W7. 7*?

ATTORNEYS.

May 28, 1968 Filed Aug. 15, 1965 R. J. ROCKWELL UNIVERSAL DIPLEXER 2 Sheets-Sheet 2,

15 i II II INPUT A A OUTPUT "a" OUTPUT Wax/4% INVENTOR.

RONALD J. ROCKWELL ATTORNEYS.

United States Patent 3,385,974 UNIVERSAL DIPLEXER Ronald J. Rockwell, Cincinnati, Ohio, assignor, by mesne assignments, to Avco Corporation, Cincinnati, Ohio, a corporation of Delaware Filed Aug. 16, 1965, Ser. No. 479,786 Claims. (Cl. 307-72) The present invention is a device which provides isolation of two alternating current sources working into a common load. These sources may be of the same or different frequencies, and same or different magnitudes of power. The device further accommodates two alternating current sources, of a common frequency, and different phases or modulated in a different manner.

Accordingly, the principal object of the invention is to provide a novel device for performing the functions indicated.

Another object of the invention is to provide diplexer devices which can accommodate balanced and unbalanced inputs and feed balanced and unbalanced loads.

One possible application of this device would be in combining the outputs of two transmitters of quadrature phase relationship and operating on the same frequency for two-channel transmission. The device could also be used in combining the outputs of any two transmitters to feed a single antenna system.

The universal diplexer provides sufiicient isolation to minimize cross-talk between the two sources and to afford complete freedom to one input while the other input is feeding power to the load.

For a better understanding of the present invention, together with other and further objects, advantages, and capabilities thereof, reference is made to the following description of the appended drawings, in which:

FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic drawings of a simple embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 being used as an aid in describing the relationships with respect to one power input source, and FIG. 2 being used to describe the relationships with respect to another power input source; and

FIGS. 3 and 4 are circuit diagrams of an alternate and preferred form of diplexer in accordance with the invention, FIG. 3 again showing the relationships which exist with respect to one source of power, and FIG. 4 showing the relationships with respect to the other source of power.

In accordance with the invention there is provided the combination of:

Four primary windings wound in the same direction and connected in a rectangular configuration providing four terminals or junction points respectively designated in rotation by the Arabic numerals 1, 2, 3, and 4, so that the primary windings may be identified, according to their terminal connections, by the designations 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, and 4-1;

A first source of power coupled to a first diagonally related pair of said terminals designated 2 and 4;

A second source of power coupled to the other diagonally related pair of said terminals designated 1 and 3;

A first secondary having equal electrically additively connected windings coupled to primary windings which are between said first pair of terminals designated 2 and 4;

And a second secondary having equal electrically additively connected windings coupled to the primary windings which are between said second pair of terminals designated 1 and 3;

Said secondary windings being in the same sense.

Referring now specifically to FIG. 1, four primaries, wound in the same sense and indicated by the reference numerals 10, 11, 12, and 13 are connected in a closed rectangllar configuration. Four input terminals are therefore provided at the corners respectively designated in 3,385,974 Patented May 28, 1968 ice clockwise rotation by the numerals 1, 2, 3, and 4. The several primaries are therefore numbered or identified as follows:

Primary May be designated primary 10 1-2 11 2-3 12 3-4 13 4-1 The purpose of the aforementioned designations is to simplify the form of the claims set forth below.

A first source of power (not shown) designated by the letter A is coupled to the first diagonally related pair of said terminals designated 2 and 4. It will be understood that the source A may be directly connected to the terminals 2 and 4. However, in the FIG. 1 embodiment the source A is inductively coupled to'the circuit of terminals 2 and 4 by reason of its connection to the primary 14 of a transformer 15 which includes a secondary 16 connected between terminals 2 and 4.

In accordance with the invention there is provided a first secondary having equal portions or windings 17 and 18 coupled to the primaries 10 and 13, respectivelyi.e., those primaries which are between the first pair of terminals designated 2 and 4.

A second source of power B is coupled to the circuit of the other diagonally related pair of terminals designated 1 and 3. It will be understood that this source B (not shown) could be directly connected to the terminals 1 and 3, but, in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, it is inductively coupled to the circuit of terminals 1 and 3 because of its connection to the primary 19 of a transformer 20, which has a secondary 21 connected between terminals 1 and 3. A second secondary comprises equal portions or windings 22 and 23, which are coupled respectively to primaries 10 and 11-that is, to the primaries which are between the second pair of terminals designated l and 3.

It will be seen from the foregoing that source B and the transformer 20 are not shown in FIG. 1. Similarly, source A and the transformer 15 are not shown in FIG. 2. The purpose of these omissions is to facilitate clarity in exposition, it being understood that in actual practice the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 includes both first and second power sources A and B and transformers 15 and 20 for coupling them to their respective pairs of terminals 4, 2 and 1, 3.

The secondaries 18, 17, 22, and 23 are wound in the same sense.

Let it now be assumed that source A is on the positive half cycle, rendering terminal 4 positive and terminal 2 negative, as illustrated in FIG. 1. Under these circumstances, beginning at the secondary junction point 24 and tracing induced voltage polarities to ground point 25, the polarities of secondary windings 17 and 18 are as follows:

Winding:

17 Minus to plus. 18 Do.

Now beginning at point 24 and tracing induced voltage polarities through the secondary windings 22 and 23 and ending with ground point 26, they are as follows:

Winding:

22 Plus to minus. 23 Minus to plus.

Thus it will be seen that, when the source A is on the positive half of its cycle, the voltages across secondary 17 and 18 are electrically additive. In other words, the voltages in the electrically connected windings 17 and 18, coupled to the primaries between terminals 2 and 4, are additive. On the other hand, the voltages in windings 22 and 23, the remaining secondary windings, are in oppositioni.e., bucking or su'btractiveand the circuit of windings 22, 23 from point 24 to point 26 is equivalent to an infinite resistance or open circuit shunt between point 24 and ground. An unbalanced load indicated by resistor 27 is connected between secondary junction point 24 and ground point 28. Power is fed into this load from the secondary 17, 18. This power comes from the primaries and 13, because when the polarities are traced from terminal 4 to terminal 2 and through primaries 13 and 10, they are additive, plus to minus. No power is taken from winding 12 because it is not coupled to any secondary. No power from source A is taken from the combination of secondaries 22 and 23 because they are of opposite polarity. Source B produces no voltages between terminals 2 and 4 and looks like an open circuit to source A.

Let it now be assumed that source B is on the positive half cycle, rendering terminal 1 positive and terminal 3 negative, as illustrated in FIG. 2. Under these circumstances, beginning at the secondary junction point 24 and tracing the induced voltage polarities of secondary windings 22 and 23 to ground point 26, those polarities are as fol-lows:

Winding:

22 Plus to minus.

Now beginning at point 24 and tracing induced voltage polarities through the secondary windings 17 and 18, ending with ground point 25, they are as follows:

Winding:

17 Minus to plus. 18 Plus to minus.

Thus it will be seen that, when the source B is on the positive half of its cycle, the voltages across secondary windings 22 and 23 are electrically additive. In other words, the voltages in the electrically connected windings 22 and 23, coupled to the primaries between terminals 1 :and 3, are additive. On the other hand, the voltages in windings 17 and 18, the remaining secondary windings, are in oppositioni.e., bucking or subtractiveand the circuit from point 24 to point 25 and including windings 17 and 18 is equivalent to an infinite resistance or open circuit shunt between point 24 and ground. As noted above, the unbalanced load indicated by resistor 27 is connected between secondary junction point 24 and ground point 28. Power is fed into this load from the secondary 22, 23. This power originates in the second source of power B. This power comes from the primaries 10 and 11, because when the polarities are traced from terminal 1 to terminal 3 and through primaries 10 and 11, they are additive, plus to minus. No power is taken from winding 12 because it is not coupled to any secondary. No power from source B is taken from the combination of secondaries 17, 18 because they are of opposite polarity. Source A produces no voltage between terminals 1 and 3 and looks like an open circuit to source B.

Reference is now made to the embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4. The difference between the FIGS. 3-4 embodiment and that of FIGS. 1-2 is that the FIGS. 3-4 embodiment feeds into a balanced load and is an arrangement in which all the primaries are coupled to secondaries. The FIGS. 3-4 embodiment is a double-ended version of the FIG. 1-2 embodiment.

It will be observed that the FIG. 3 embodiment incorporates the input transformer from source A, the input transformer from source B, the primaries 10, 11, 12, and 13 arranged in a closed rectangular configuration, secondary win-dings 17 and 18, and secondary windings 22 and 23-all corresponding to the like numbered elements in the FIGS. 1-2 embodiment both in construction and operation. However, while it will be recalled that the 4 active secondary circuit for power supplied from source A comprises the windings 17 and 18 in the FIGS. 1-2 embodiment, the FIGS. 3-4 embodiment includes additional additively connected secondary windings 17A and 18A, coupled respectively to primaries 12 and 11. The significance of the sutlix A is that they are elements in addition to windings 17 and 18, and also that they handle power originating in source A. Additionally, there are shown in the embodiment of FIGS. 3-4 additional additively connected secondary windings 22B and 23B, coupled respectively to primaries 12 and 13. Again, the significance of the suffix B is that these two elements are in addition to the windings 22 and 23 and, further, that they handle power from source B. Again, all secondaries are wound in the same sense, but it will be understood that the connections to coils 17A, 18A, 22B, and 23B are reversed with respect to the connections of coils 17, 18, 22, and 23, for the simple reason that the secondary windings with the A or B suffix are on the opposite side of the closed rectangular configuration of the primaries so far as the like-numbered secondary windings without A or B suffixes are concerned.

Now, assuming that source A is on the positive half of its cycle, the voltage polarities of the secondaries are as indicated in FIG. 3. Beginning at the secondary junction point 24, which comprises one output terminal into the balanced load, and ending at the other output terminal point 29, the secondary winding polarities are as follows:

Winding:

17 a- Minus to plus. 18 Do. 17A Do. 18A Do.

Now beginning at point 24 and tracing secondary winding polarities in the opposite direction, they are as follows:

Winding:

22 Plus to minus. 23 Minus to plus. 22B Plus to minus. 23B Minus to plus.

Thus it will be seen that, when source A is on the positive half of its cycle, the voltages across windings 17, 18, 17A, and 18A are electrically additive. On the other hand, the voltage in winding 22 is bucked by that in winding 23, and the voltage in winding 22B is bucked by that in winding 23B, so that the circuit from point 24 through these windings to point 29 is equivalent to an infinite resistance or open circuit shunt across terminals 24, 29 so far as power from source A is concerned. No source A power is taken from windings 22, 23, 22B, and 23B. Power from source A is fed into the balanced load from all four primaries. When the polarities are traced from terminal 4 to terminal 2 and through primaries 13 and 10, they are additive. Similarly, when the polarities are traced from terminal 4 to terminal 2 through primaries 12 and 11, they are also additive. Source B produces no voltage across terminals 4, 2 and looks like an open circuit to source A.

Now, assuming that source B is on the positive half of its cycle, the secondary winding voltage polarities are as indicated in FIG. 4. Beginning at the secondary junction point 24, which comprises one output terminal into the balanced load, and ending at the other output terminal point 29, the polarities are as follows:

Winding:

22 Plus to minus.

23 Do. 22B Do. 23B Do.

Now beginning at point 24 and tracing secondary winding voltage polarities in the opposite direction, they are as follows:

Winding:

17 Minus to plus. 18 Plus to minus. 17A Minus to plus. 18A Plus to minus.

Thus it will be seen that, when source B is on the positive half of its cycle, the voltages across windings 22, 23, 22B, and 23B are electrically additive. On the other hand, the voltage in winding 17 is bucked by that in winding 18, and the voltage in winding 17A is bucked by that in winding 18A, so that the circuit from point 24 through these secondary windings to point 29 is equivalent to an infinite resistance shunt or open circuit between terminals 24, 29 so far as power from source B is concerned. No source B power is taken from secondaries 17, 18, 17A, 18A. Power from source B is fed into the balanced load from all four primaries. When the polarities are traced from terminal 1 to terminal 3 and through primaries 13 and 12, they are additive. Similarily, when the polarities are traced from terminal 1 to terminal 3 through primaries and 11, they are also additive. Source A produces no voltage between terminals 1 and 3, and looks like an open circuit to source B.

It will be understood that FIGS. 3 and 4 represent the same embodiment of diplexer but with polarity marks indicating conditions existing when power source A is on a supposed positive half cycle, and like conditions existing when power source B is on a positive half cycle, respectively. Those skilled in the art will immediately appreciate that, when the sources A and B are on their negative half cycles, the polarities will be just the opposite to those indicated in FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively. It will also be apparent to those of ordinary skill in this art that iron cores may be used, as desired, for low frequencies, and shielding provided in accordance with known prior art practices.

In the description of the FIGS. 1-2 embodiment, it was brought out that, so far as power from source A taken from windings 17 and 18 is concerned, the windings 22 and 23 constitute an open circuit. So far as power from source B as taken from windings 22 and 23 is concerned, the windings 17 and 18 constitute an open circuit. Likewise, with respect to FIG. 3, the windings 22, 23, 22B, and 23B constitute an open circuit so far as output power taken from power source A is concerned. Likewise, and referring now to FIG. 4, windings 17, 18, 17A, and 18A constitute an open circuit so far as output power taken from source B is concerned. Thus it will be seen that the secondaries taking power from source A and the secondaries taking power from source B look like open circuits to each other, although both feed into a common load-i.e., whatever load is connected between junction points 24 and 29 of FIGS. 3 and 4.

According to the invention, therefore, there is provided the combination of:

Four primaries 10-13 wound in the same direction and connected in a rectangular configuration providing four input terminals respectively designated in rotation by the Arabic numerals 1, 2, 3, and 4, so that the primaries 10-13 are identified, according to their terminal connections, by the designations 1-2', 2-3, 3-4, and 4-1;

A first source of power (A and coupled to a first diagonally related pair of said terminals designated 2 and A second source of power (B and coupled to the other diagonally related pair of said terminals designated 1 and 3;

A first secondary having equal electrically additively connected portions 17, 18 and 17A, 18A coupled to the primaries 10, 13 and 12, 11 which are between said first pair of terminals designated 2 and 4;

And a second secondary having equal electrically additively connected portions 22, 23 and 22B, 23Bcoupled to the primaries 10, 11 and 12, 13 which are between said second pair of terminals designated 1 and 3.

The FIGS. l-2 embodiment can be modified to feed into a balanced load in this manner: by disconnecting the three leads from grounded points 25, 26, and 28 and connecting them together. When such modifications are made, then the load 27 is a balanced load (no ground connection).

While there have been shown and described what are at present considered to be the preferred embodiments of the invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

I claim:

1. The combination of:

four primaries wound in the same direction and connected in a closed configuration providing four input terminals respectively designated in rotation by the Arabic numerals l, 2, 3, and 4, so that the primaries are identified, according to their terminal connections, by the designations 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, and 4-1;

a first source of power coupled to a first pair of said terminals designated 2 and 4;

a second source of power coupled to the other pair of said terminals designated 1 and 3;

a first secondary having equal electrically additively connected windings coupled to the primaries which are between said first pair of terminals designated 2 and 4;

and a second secondary having equal electrically additively connected windings coupled to the primaries which are between said second pair of terminals designated 1 and 3.

2. The combination in accordance with claim 1 in which the sources of power are coupled to the pairs of terminals by transformers each of which has a primary coupled to a power source and a secondary connected be tween a pair of terminals.

3. The combination of:

four primaries wound in the same direction and connected in a closed configuration providing four input terminals respectively designated in rotation by the Arabic numerals l, 2, 3, and 4, so that the primaries are identified, according to their terminal connections, by the designations 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, and 4-1;

a first source of power coupled to a first pair of said terminals designated 2 and 4;

a second source of power coupled to the other pair of said terminals designated 1 and 3;

a first secondary having two equal electrically additively connected windings coupled to the primaries l-2 and 4-1;

and a second secondary having two equal electrically additively connected windings coupled to the primaries 1-2 and 2-3;

said secondary windings being in the same sense.

4. The combination of:

four primaries wound in the same direction and connected in a closed configuration providing four input terminals respectively designated in rotation by the Arabic numerals l, 2, 3, and 4, so that the primaries are identified, according to their terminal connections, by the designations 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, and 4-1;

a first source of power coupled to a first pair of said terminals designated 2 and 4;

a second source of power coupled to the other pair of said terminals designated 1 and 3;

a first secondary having two equal electrically additively connected windings individually coupled to the primaries 1-2 and 4-1 and two electrically additively connected windings with switched leads individuallv coupled to the primaries 3-4 and 2-3;

7 and a second secondary having two equal electrically additively connected windings individually coupled to the primaries 1-2 and 23 and two electrically additively connected windings with switched leads individually coupled to the primaries 3-4 and 4-1. 5. The combination in accordance with claim 4 in which the sources of power are coupled to the pairs of terminals by transformers each of which has a primary coupled to a power source and a secondary connected between a pair of terminals.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS Day 325-156 X Hilker 323-75 Steiner 30775 X Hilker 323--75 Sontheimer 333-11 X ROBERT K. SCHAEFER, Primary Examiner. 10 H. HOHAUSER, Assistant Examiner. 

1. THE COMBINATION OF: FOUR PRIMARIES WOUND IN THE SAME DIRECTION AND CONNECTED IN A CLOSED CONFIGURATION PROVIDING FOUR INPUT TERMINALS RESPECTIVELY DESIGNATED IN ROTATION BY THE ARABIC NUMERALS 1,2,3, AND 4, SO THAT THE PRIMARIES ARE IDENTIFIED, ACCORDING TO THEIR TERMINAL CONNECTIONS, BY THE DESIGNATIONS 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, AND 4-1; A FIRST SOURCE OF POWER COUPLED TO A FIRST PAIR OF SAID TERMINALS DESIGNATED 2 AND 4; A SECOND SOURCE OF POWER COUPLED TO THE OTHER PAIR OF SAID TERMINALS DESIGNATED 1 AND 3; A FIRST SECONDARY HAVING EQUAL ELECTRICALLY ADDITIVELY CONNECTED WINDINGS COUPLED TO THE PRIMARIES WHICH ARE BETWEEN SAID FIRST PAIR OF TERMINALS DESIGNATED 2 AND 4; AND A SECOND SECONDARY HAVING EQUAL ELECTRICALLY ADDITIVELY CONNECTED WINDINGS COUPLED TO THE PRIMARIES WHICH ARE BETWEEN SAID SECOND PAIR OF TERMINALS DESIGNATED 1 AND
 3. 